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The tkinter menu is a top-level pulldown menu.
A lot of apps use a menu system for many functions such as file options like copy and paste
Syntax
mymenu = Menu(top, options)
A list of possible options is given below.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| activebackground | The background color of the widget when the widget is under the focus. |
| activeborderwidth | The width of the border of the widget when it is under the mouse. The default is 1 pixel. |
| activeforeground | The font color of the widget when the widget has the focus. |
| bg | The background color of the widget. |
| bd | The border width of the widget. |
| cursor | The mouse pointer is changed to the cursor type when it hovers the widget. The cursor type can be set to arrow or dot. |
| disabledforeground | The font color of the widget when it is disabled. |
| font | The font type of the text of the widget. |
| fg | The foreground color of the widget. |
| postcommand | The postcommand can be set to any of the function which is called when the mourse hovers the menu. |
| relief | The type of the border of the widget. The default type is RAISED. |
| image | It is used to display an image on the menu. |
| selectcolor | The color used to display the checkbutton or radiobutton when they are selected. |
| tearoff | By default, the choices in the menu start taking place from position 1. If we set the tearoff = 1, then it will start taking place from 0th position. |
| title | Set this option to the title of the window if you want to change the title of the window. |
Methods
The Menu widget contains the following methods.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| add_command(options) | Adds a menu item to the menu. |
| add_radiobutton(options) | Creates a radio button menu item. |
| add_checkbutton(options) | This method is used to add the checkbuttons to the menu. |
| add_cascade(options) | Create a hierarchical menu to the parent menu by associating the given menu to the parent menu. |
| add_seperator() | Adds a separator line to the menu.. |
| add(type, options) | Adds the specific menu item to the menu. |
| delete(startindex, endindex) | Delete the menu items exist in the specified range. |
| entryconfig(index, options) | Configure a menu item identified by the given index. |
| index(item) | It is used to get the index of the specified menu item. |
| insert_seperator(index) | It is used to insert a seperator at the specified index. |
| invoke(index) | It is used to invoke the associated with the choice given at the specified index. |
| type(index) | It is used to get the type of the choice specified by the index. |
Examples
In this example we implement a menu system with options similar to a lot of desktop apps
There are seperators, there are only 2 options available. In your app you would create this functionality.
We have an about option that displays a messagebox when that menu option is selected
Every other option simply displays a button with not completed yet in a new window
from tkinter import *
def notimplemented():
filenothing = Toplevel(root)
button = Button(filenothing, text="Not completed yet")
button.pack()
def about():
messagebox.showinfo('Maxpython', 'Maxpython tkinter menu example')
root = Tk()
menubar = Menu(root)
filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
filemenu.add_command(label="New", command=notimplemented)
filemenu.add_command(label="Open", command=notimplemented)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save", command=notimplemented)
filemenu.add_command(label="Save as...", command=notimplemented)
filemenu.add_command(label="Close", command=notimplemented)
filemenu.add_separator()
filemenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=filemenu)
editmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
editmenu.add_command(label="Undo", command=notimplemented)
editmenu.add_separator()
editmenu.add_command(label="Cut", command=notimplemented)
editmenu.add_command(label="Copy", command=notimplemented)
editmenu.add_command(label="Paste", command=notimplemented)
editmenu.add_command(label="Delete", command=notimplemented)
editmenu.add_command(label="Select All", command=notimplemented)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=editmenu)
helpmenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
helpmenu.add_command(label="Help Index", command=notimplemented)
helpmenu.add_command(label="About...", command=about)
menubar.add_cascade(label="Help", menu=helpmenu)
root.config(menu=menubar)
root.mainloop()
